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with the sulphureted Hydrogene . great quantities of cinnabar
& Sulphur ; fumes of Vitriolic acid & plenty of Sulphate (chrystals
of alumine ;- The soil here every where whitened by
acid fumes_
Lake of Agnano examined the elastic fluid changed
in this like near the Grotto del Cane , Carbonic
acid
gas nearly pure. _
Astrani (no chrystalized lava .crater of
an extinct Volcano.
Monte . Nuovo no chrystalized lava, principally
ashes cinders & decomposed lavas._
- . The cave of the Sybil in chemical_148 [sic] chemical_148  [sic] ._
- The little island opposite the the westn most of
Pausilipo said to be calcareous. [xxxxxx]
At Patzoli - the temple in which said to
of Serapis at six feet or 7. the columns
of Marble are eat into by . Zoophytes or Shell
fish a most singular fact - three or four feet
of each column _ I am strongly inclined to suppose
that they belonged to a more ancient temple
which had been buried in the sand & that
they had been dug out & removed by the
romans to where they now stand, for
there are no other proofs of the change
of land into sea & of sea into land.
[sketch of the Columns of Macellum]

Hydrogene

Symbol/formula: H

Now known as hydrogen. Hydrogen is the lightest element and, at standard conditions, is a gas of diatomic molecules. It is colourless, odourless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible.

Sulphur

Symbol/formula: S

Pure sulphur is a tasteless, odourless, brittle solid that is pale yellow in colour, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water.

Oil of vitriol

Symbol/formula: H2SO4

Sulphuric acid. A mineral acid composed of the elements sulphur, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Alumine

Symbol/formula: AL2O3

Alumine is an archaic name for alumina, which is aluminium oxide.

Elastic fluid

A descriptive term for a gas, emphasising its elastic quality of spontaneous expansion.

Carbonic acid

Symbol/formula: CO2 or H2CO3

Now known as Carbon dioxide (CO2), or a solution of carbon dioxide in water (H2CO3).

Tuff

A type of rock made of volcanic ash and lithified into solid rock.

Lake of Agnano

Lake Agnano, in southern Italy, was a lake in the crater of the extinct volcano (Agnano). It was drained in 1870.

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Grotto del Cane

A cave by the Lake of Agnano, in southern Italy, that has a high concentration of carbon dioxide. Dogs were used to demonstrate this as a kind of tourist attraction, which the Shelleys refused to allow when they visited.

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Astroni Crater

A nature reserve in an extinct volcanic crater near Naples, Italy.

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Monte Nuovo

A cinder cone volcano near Naples, Italy, that first formed in the sixteenth century.

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Cave Lazio

Subterranean chamber beneath the ancient city of Cumae, now Naples, Italy. Said to have been the dwelling place of Sibyl, ancient priestess and oracle.

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Posillipo, a hill in Naples

A district of Naples, Italy, built upon a rock peninsula.

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Pozzuoli

A city within the city of Naples, Italy. It is the main city of the Phlegrean Peninsula.

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Temple of Serapis

The columns are part of the Roman Macellum (market place) at Pozzuoli.

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Columns of Macellum

The columns contain borings made by the marine bivalve, Lithophaga. This indicated that the columns had been submerged beneath the sea and then uplifted. This observation was included in Charles Lyell's first volume of Principles of Geology, published shortly after Davy's death in 1830.

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Zoophyte

an obsolete term for an organism thought to be intermediate between animals and plants, or an animal with plant-like attributes or appearance.